Excessive Amound of Amniotic Fluid.
Polyhydramnios is the excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid
- the fluid that surrounds the baby in the uterus during pregnancy. Polyhydramnios occurs in about 1 percent of pregnancies.
Symptoms
Polyhydramnios symptoms are a result of pressure being exerted within the uterus and on nearby organs.
Mild polyhydramnios may cause few signs or symptoms. Severe polyhydramnios may cause:
- Shortness of breath or the inability to breathe, except when upright
- Swelling in the lower extremities, vulva and abdominal wall
- Decreased urine production
Causes
Congenital defects – The higher the fluid level, the increased chance of a congenital defect. These birth defects hinder swallowing, which can prohibit ingestion of the amniotic fluid, resulting in build up of fluid. Other birth defects could also include intestinal tract blockage or neurological abnormalities.
Rh Factor – As screening for the Rh factor has increased, this is no longer a common cause of elevated fluid levels.
Maternal Diabetes – Experts have found some correlation between diabetes and too much amniotic fluid.
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome – This is a complication that can affect identical twin pregnancies. This syndrome is when one baby gets too much blood flow and the other too little due to connections between blood vessels in their shared placenta.
Unknown Reasons – According to the Center for Maternal Fetal Medicine, about 65% of cases of polyhydramnios are due to unknown causes.
- Premature birth
- Pregnancy-induced high blood pressure
- Urinary tract infections during pregnancy
- Premature rupture of membranes — when your water breaks early
- Umbilical cord prolapse — when the umbilical cord drops into the vagina
- ahead of the baby
- C-section delivery
- Stillbirth
- Heavy bleeding due to lack of uterine muscle tone after delivery
- Excess fetal growth
- Placental abruption — when the placenta peels away from the inner wall of
- the uterus before delivery
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